Question 1

Which of the following elements is the most abundant in the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.28. Which condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 3

Which of the following is the major intracellular cation?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+})$$

Question 4

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 5

A solution contains dissolved glucose. Which statement best describes glucose in this context?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a non-electrolyte because it dissolves but does not form ions.

Question 6

Which buffer system is most important for maintaining plasma pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 7

If a person experiences rapid breathing and excessive loss of CO$$_2$$, which acid-base disorder is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the composition of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is the most abundant, followed by protein and triglycerides.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H^+}]$$

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Plasma

Question 11

A patient with kidney failure is unable to excrete hydrogen ions efficiently. What acid-base disorder is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Question 12

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a non-polar molecule.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of body fluid buffers?

Accepted Answer

Increase the rate of acid-base disorders

Question 14

Which of the following is a major extracellular anion?

Accepted Answer

Chloride ($$\mathrm{Cl^-})$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the physiological significance of pH?

Accepted Answer

pH affects protein structure, enzyme activity, ion transport, and cellular metabolism.

Question 16

Which of the following is an organic component of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 17

A marathon runner loses a significant amount of water and electrolytes through sweat. Which condition is most likely to develop if fluid is not replaced?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Question 18

Which of the following statements about fluid balance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fluid balance is maintained when intake equals output.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive water gain?

Accepted Answer

Water intoxication

Question 20

Which of the following factors does NOT influence body pH?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature

Foundations of Biochemistry: Body Fluids and pH

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