Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose?

Accepted Answer

An aldose contains an aldehyde group, while a ketose contains a ketone group.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct general formula for a monosaccharide with $$n$$ carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_{n}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enantiomers is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers are nonsuperimposable mirror images.

Question 4

A sugar with the formula $$C_5H_{10}O_5$ is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A pentose

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a ketose triose?

Accepted Answer

Dihydroxyacetone

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between D-glucose and D-mannose?

Accepted Answer

They are epimers at C-2.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Catalysis of biochemical reactions

Question 8

Which of the following statements about glycosidic bond formation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bonds are formed by condensation reactions, eliminating water.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why UDP-galactose is used in lactose biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

UDP-galactose is a high-energy derivative that activates galactose for condensation with glucose.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a linear homopolymer of $$\beta-$$glucose with $$\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)$$ linkages.

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of amylopectin compared to amylose?

Accepted Answer

Amylopectin contains $$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 6)$$ branch points, while amylose does not.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of chitin?

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a homopolymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about glycoproteins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins are proteins with covalently attached oligosaccharide chains.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Maltose: dimer derived from starch and glycogen polymers

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about peptidoglycans?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycans are crosslinked polysaccharide-peptide complexes in bacterial cell walls.

Question 16

Which of the following modifications converts glucose to sorbitol?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of the carbonyl group

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of glycosaminoglycans in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

They act as viscosity-increasing agents or lubricants in certain body fluids.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the D and L designations in monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

D and L refer to the configuration of the asymmetric carbon farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of an epimer?

Accepted Answer

Epimers are isomers that differ at only one chiral center.

Monosaccharides and Carbohydrate Chemistry: Structure, Classification, and Biological Roles

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