Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to compartmentalize their functions more efficiently than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that separate specific chemical reactions.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: DNA located in a nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

The plasma membrane is described as a 'selective barrier.' Which property of the plasma membrane allows it to regulate the passage of substances?

Accepted Answer

Its hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions allow selective permeability.

Question 4

If a cell increases in size such that its volume becomes eight times larger, by what factor does its surface area increase, assuming the cell remains roughly spherical?

Accepted Answer

The surface area increases by a factor of 2.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs in a liver cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A mutation prevents the formation of ribosomes in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 6l^2$, V$$ = $$l^3$$

Question 8

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

During cellular respiration, which organelle uses oxygen to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components

Question 14

Which structure in animal cells is composed mainly of collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin, and helps coordinate cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 15

Which type of cell junction prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 16

A mutation disrupts the function of actin in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Amoeboid movement and formation of microvilli

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 18

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells grow, their volume increases faster than their surface area, making exchange of materials less efficient.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of motor proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They transport vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers using energy from ATP.

A Tour of the Cell (Chapter 6): Structure and Function of Cells

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