Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions, supporting larger cell size.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: DNA in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

If a mutation prevents the formation of ribosomes in a cell, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation for the surface area of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$6l^2$$

Question 6

A cell has a high surface area to volume ratio. What advantage does this provide?

Accepted Answer

It allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 8

During cellular respiration, which organelle converts chemical energy from food molecules into ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which structure in animal cells is primarily responsible for anchoring organelles and maintaining cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 10

A mutation disrupts the function of microtubules in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during cell division

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which type of cell junction prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid between animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps coordinate cellular activities.

Question 14

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast – photosynthesis

Question 16

Which equation represents the volume of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$l^3$$

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a large number of bound ribosomes. What is this cell likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein secretion

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 19

Which organelle is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 20

A cell is unable to digest macromolecules and accumulates undigested material. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

A Tour of the Cell (Chapter 6): Structure and Function of Cells

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