Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are considered the fundamental units of life?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest structures that can carry out all activities required for life.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of a mitochondrion. Which type of microscope should they use, and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM), because it can resolve structures as small as 2 nm.

Question 3

If a cell is 20 micrometers ($$20 \ \mu m) in $$diameter and the scale bar on a micrograph represents $$10 \ \mu m$$, how many times larger is the cell than the scale bar?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ times larger

Question 4

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

A researcher is studying a cell that contains chloroplasts, a nucleus, and a cell wall. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

A plant

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating genetic instructions.

Question 7

If a light microscope has a maximum resolving power of $$0.2 \ \mu m$$, which of the following structures can it NOT clearly resolve?

Accepted Answer

A ribosome ($$20 \ nm in $$diameter)

Question 8

Which of the following is a major advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously in separate organelles.

Question 9

A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA, but no nucleus. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A high surface area-to-volume ratio allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 11

A biologist wants to study the movement of proteins within the plasma membrane of a living cell. Which technique would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 12

If a chicken egg is approximately $$5 \ cm in $$diameter, how many micrometers ($$\mu m) is $$this?

Accepted Answer

$$50,000 \ \mu m$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a rigid cell wall. Which of the following best describes the function of the large central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

It stores water and maintains turgor pressure in plant cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the nucleus and ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus contains the genetic instructions that ribosomes use to synthesize proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why electron microscopes can resolve smaller structures than light microscopes?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.

Question 17

A scientist is comparing the surface features of two different types of cells. Which type of microscopy would provide the best three-dimensional images of the cell surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 18

If a cell's diameter is $$10 \ \mu m$$ and its volume is calculated using the formula for a sphere $$V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$, what is the approximate volume of the cell in $$\mu $$m^3$$?

Accepted Answer

$$523.6 \ \mu m^3$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of extracellular components in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

They help coordinate cellular activities and provide structural support.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Microscopy

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