Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the surface-area-to-volume ratio is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

A higher ratio allows for more efficient diffusion of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria at very high resolution. Which microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), because it uses transmitted electrons to reveal internal structures in high detail.

Question 3

During cell fractionation, why is it necessary to increase the centrifuge speed in successive steps?

Accepted Answer

To pellet progressively smaller organelles and cellular components.

Question 4

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 5

A mutation prevents the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in a eukaryotic cell. Which organelle is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes glycoproteins that are often secreted from the cell.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a single circular chromosome and no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful compounds

Question 9

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 10

Which structure is unique to chloroplasts and is the site of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoids

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and changes in cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 12

A researcher observes that a certain protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and then modified and sorted for secretion. Which organelle is responsible for this modification and sorting?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which type of cell junction allows for direct cytoplasmic communication between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 14

A mutation disrupts the function of dynein in a cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps connect cells together.

Question 16

If a plant cell's central vacuole is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and nutrients

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the surface area ($$A) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$cube-shaped cell with side length $$s$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 6s^2$, V$$ = $$s^3$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why nerve cells can be extremely long compared to other cell types?

Accepted Answer

Their elongated shape increases surface area relative to volume, facilitating rapid communication.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of cell fractionation in medical research?

Accepted Answer

Isolating mitochondria from muscle cells to study metabolic diseases.

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to lack integrins. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Microscopy

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