Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a double membrane, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 3

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area-to-volume ratio (SA:V) for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory as described by Rudolf Virchow?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Question 6

A liver cell is specialized for detoxifying chemicals and synthesizing lipids. Which organelle would you expect to be especially abundant in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 8

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result from this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The cell would accumulate undigested waste and damaged organelles.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 10

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which organelle helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides support and regulates cell behavior.

Question 13

Which of the following cell junctions would you expect to find in tissues that experience a lot of mechanical stress, such as skin?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for export from the cell

Question 15

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of chloroplasts. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 17

If a cell has a total surface area of $$150\ \mathrm{\mu m}^2$$ and a volume of $$125\ \mathrm{\mu m}^3$$, what is its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$1.2$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells not found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They store water, nutrients, and waste products.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Microscopy

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