Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment. $$	ext{Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio} = \frac{	ext{Surface Area}}{	ext{Volume}}$$

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, but no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly compares the location of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleoid region, while eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed within a nucleus.

Question 4

If a cell increases in size from $$1 	ext{ mm} to$$ $$3 	ext{ mm} in $$diameter, how does its surface area-to-volume ratio change?

Accepted Answer

The surface area-to-volume ratio decreases as the cell gets larger. $$	ext{Ratio} = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$} = \frac{3}{r}$$

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 6

What is the main function of the lysosome in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and cellular debris using hydrolytic enzymes at acidic pH

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

A lysosome fuses with a damaged organelle, digesting and recycling its components.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major disadvantage of using electron microscopes compared to light microscopes?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopes cannot be used to view living cells.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the type of ribosome with its location and product?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes: cytosol; produce proteins for use within the cell

Question 10

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 11

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 12

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 13

A mutation causes the pH inside lysosomes to rise to neutral. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomal enzymes will become inactive, leading to accumulation of undigested material.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and regulates the passage of molecules such as mRNA through nuclear pores.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 16

Which of the following cell structures is directly involved in the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.

Question 18

Which type of vacuole is responsible for expelling excess water from freshwater protists?

Accepted Answer

Contractile vacuole

Question 19

A cell is observed to have many microvilli on its surface. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients due to increased surface area

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the function of bound ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins destined for secretion or for insertion into membranes.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Organization

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