Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells can carry out more complex functions than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: DNA in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

During muscle contraction, which cytoskeletal components interact to produce movement?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments and myosin

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole containing sap, a cell wall made of cellulose, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 7

Which structure allows water, small solutes, and sometimes proteins and RNA to pass directly from one plant cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a basic feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 9

A macrophage engulfs bacteria using a process called phagocytosis. After engulfment, which organelle fuses with the food vacuole to digest the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and regulates cell behavior.

Question 12

Which type of cell junction prevents leakage of extracellular fluid between neighboring animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 13

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 14

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 15

A mutation prevents the formation of the pore complex in the nuclear envelope. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

They detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds.

Question 17

Which cytoskeletal structure is primarily responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the endomembrane system for a protein destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of autophagy in human cells?

Accepted Answer

A cell recycling its damaged mitochondria using lysosomal enzymes

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why metabolic requirements set an upper limit on cell size?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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