Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction in angiosperms is crucial for evolutionary adaptation?

Accepted Answer

It generates genetic variation among offspring, increasing the potential for adaptation to changing environments.

Question 2

A scientist uses the CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit a gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. What is the primary function of the Cas9 protein in this process?

Accepted Answer

Cas9 acts as a restriction enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific site determined by the guide RNA.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the process and outcome of double fertilization in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

One sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, and the other sperm combines with the polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm.

Question 4

A lemon flower has a compound ovary formed by several fused carpels. What is the significance of this structure for seed development?

Accepted Answer

Each chamber in the compound ovary can contain one or more ovules, allowing for the development of multiple seeds within a single fruit.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the suspensor during angiosperm embryo development?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the embryo to the parent plant and provides nutrition to the developing embryo.

Question 6

A seed remains dormant until it receives an environmental cue, such as exposure to fire or passage through an animal's digestive tract. What is the primary adaptive advantage of seed dormancy?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that seeds germinate only when conditions are optimal for seedling survival.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between monocot and eudicot (dicot) seeds?

Accepted Answer

Monocot seeds have a single cotyledon called a scutellum, while eudicot seeds have two cotyledons.

Question 8

Which of the following fruit types is correctly matched with its origin?

Accepted Answer

Multiple fruit – formed from a cluster of flowers (inflorescence)

Question 9

A plant breeder wants to propagate a rare plant with desirable traits. Which technique would best ensure that all offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant?

Accepted Answer

Using vegetative reproduction through cuttings or tissue culture

Question 10

Which of the following statements about self-incompatibility in plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

Self-incompatibility prevents fertilization if the pollen's S-gene allele matches an allele in the stigma.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of imbibition during seed germination?

Accepted Answer

The uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dehydrated seed, causing it to swell and resume growth.

Question 12

A farmer uses glyphosate-resistant crops to control weeds. What is a potential ecological consequence of this agricultural practice?

Accepted Answer

Weeds may evolve resistance to glyphosate due to selective pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Early farmers selecting corn cobs with more seeds for replanting, leading to modern corn varieties.

Question 14

A plant produces seeds without pollination or fertilization, resulting in offspring genetically identical to the parent. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Apomixis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why asexual reproduction can be disadvantageous in a changing environment?

Accepted Answer

It produces genetically identical offspring, reducing the population's ability to adapt to new conditions.

Question 16

A plant cell is described as totipotent. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It can give rise to all parts of the embryo and adult plant.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a transgene in plants?

Accepted Answer

A gene from a soil bacterium transferred into the ancestor of the sweet potato, as revealed by genomic sequencing.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main nutritional role of endosperm in human diets?

Accepted Answer

It provides the bulk of nutrition in staple crops such as corn, rice, and wheat.

Question 19

A gardener wants to graft a beautiful rose variety onto a hardy root system. In this process, what is the correct term for the part of the plant that provides the root system?

Accepted Answer

Stock

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why hybridization is important in plant evolution and agriculture?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the transfer of genetic material between species, leading to new combinations of traits.

Angiosperm Reproduction, Development, and Plant Biotechnology

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