Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why Archaea are more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Eukarya share histones and similar ribosomal proteins, unlike Bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microorganism living in a hot spring with temperatures above 80°C and a pH of 2. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Thermophile

Question 3

Which process allows prokaryotes to acquire new genetic material via a viral vector?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the process of nitrogen fixation performed by certain prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{N_2$ + 8H^+ + 8e^- \rightarrow 2NH_3 + H_2$} $$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a chemoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses organic compounds as both energy and carbon sources.

Question 6

A bacterium is found to survive and grow in the absence of oxygen but is not harmed by its presence. What is the correct classification for this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Aerotolerant anaerobe

Question 7

Which of the following is a major ecological role of cyanobacteria in aquatic environments?

Accepted Answer

Generation of oxygen through photosynthesis

Question 8

Which cell wall structure is characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Thick peptidoglycan layer, sensitive to penicillin

Question 9

Which of the following best describes mutualism in prokaryotic symbioses?

Accepted Answer

Both organisms benefit from the association.

Question 10

A marine worm lacks a mouth, gut, and anus but survives due to bacteria living inside it. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Question 11

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the origin of mitochondria and plastids in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis of bacteria by ancestral eukaryotes

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposer bacteria in the global carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

They break down dead organisms to release minerals for reuse.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a typical shape found among prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal

Question 14

A bacterium is able to take up DNA released into the environment from other cells. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotes are so abundant in environments such as tap water and indoor air?

Accepted Answer

They reproduce rapidly by binary fission.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a halophile?

Accepted Answer

An organism that thrives in high salt concentrations.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of prokaryotes in solving environmental problems?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to break down PET plastics in recycling.

Question 18

Which nutritional classification describes an organism that uses light for energy and CO$$_2 as $$its carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 19

Which of the following best describes horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of genes between unrelated individuals, often via transformation, transduction, or conjugation.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection that is resistant to penicillin. Which cell wall structure is most likely present in the causative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Thin peptidoglycan layer

Bacteria and Archaea: Diversity, Structure, and Ecological Roles

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