Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in a partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charges on hydrogens.

Question 2

A carbon atom has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$ neutrons

Question 3

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical behavior of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 4

If a neutral atom of oxygen has an atomic number of $$8$$ and a mass number of $$16$$, what is the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, respectively?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$ protons, $$8$$ neutrons, $$8$$ electrons

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in water's properties?

Accepted Answer

They create cohesion between water molecules, resulting in high surface tension and capillary action.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of $$3. $$Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct comparison between the composition of the human body and the Earth's crust based on the elements present?

Accepted Answer

The human body contains more carbon and nitrogen, while the Earth's crust contains more silicon and oxygen.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why table salt ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) $$dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

The partial charges on water molecules surround and separate the $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ and $$\mathrm{Cl^-}$$ ions.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis, meaning their blood pH is below $$7.35. $$Which of the following best describes the chemical state of their blood?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions is higher than normal.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between an atom's atomic number and its mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons; mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of cohesion in water?

Accepted Answer

Water droplets forming beads on a waxed car surface.

Question 12

If a solution has a $$\mathrm{[H^+]}$$ concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M, what is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for the transport of nutrients in plants?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion due to hydrogen bonding

Question 14

A molecule of water is formed by which type of bond between hydrogen and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice that is less dense than liquid water.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the charges and locations of subatomic particles in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Neutrons are neutral and found in the nucleus.

Question 17

A student adds baking soda to vinegar and observes bubbling. Which property of acids and bases does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Acids neutralize bases, often producing carbon dioxide gas.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pH and $$\mathrm{[H^+]}$$ concentration?

Accepted Answer

As pH decreases, $$\mathrm{[H^+]}$$ increases.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of capillary action due to water's properties?

Accepted Answer

Water moving up the stem of a plant from the roots to the leaves.

Basic Chemistry for Biology: Atoms, Elements, and Water

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