Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical reactivity of an element?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 2

A neutral atom of nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. How many electrons are found in its outermost shell?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 4

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2p orbitals of an atom?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 5

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 6

Which element is most likely to form a nonpolar covalent bond with itself?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 7

A water molecule ($$H_2O) is $$held together by which types of bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why noble gases like neon are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their outermost electron shells are completely filled

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrogen bond's importance?

Accepted Answer

The double helix structure of DNA

Question 10

If an atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons, what is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$17 + 18 = 35$$

Question 11

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four that make up 99% of living cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 12

What is the main reason that enzymes are required to break covalent bonds in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds are strong and require significant energy to break

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons

Question 14

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are dynamic and can be easily made and broken

Question 15

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$loses one electron to become $$Na^+. $$What type of bond will it most likely form with a chlorine atom ($$Cl) $$that gains one electron to become $$Cl^-$$?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has more protons, increasing its ability to attract electrons

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of the octet rule in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their outermost shell contains eight electrons

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in $$H_2O$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of noncovalent bonds in protein structure?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize the 3D shape of proteins through interactions like hydrogen bonds

Question 20

A radioactive isotope of carbon, $$^{14}C$$, has 6 protons. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

8

Basic Chemistry for General Biology: Atoms, Bonds, and Molecules

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