Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as it is actually practiced in modern biology?

Accepted Answer

A process involving formulating hypotheses to explain observations, then testing those hypotheses by gathering data.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Theories are broad, unifying explanations supported by evidence from many fields.

Question 3

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster in sunlight than in shade. She proposes that increased light exposure increases the rate of photosynthesis, leading to faster growth. Which term best describes her proposal?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis

Question 4

Which of the following is a requirement for a valid scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be directly testable and falsifiable.

Question 5

Which of the following best distinguishes a scientific law from a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A law describes a mathematical relationship, while a theory provides a scientific explanation.

Question 6

In an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, which is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The type or amount of fertilizer applied to the plants.

Question 7

Why are both positive and negative controls important in experimental design?

Accepted Answer

They provide a measure of variability and help identify sources of error.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$NaCl)$$

Question 9

What is the atomic number of an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges.

Question 11

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$transfers an electron to a chlorine atom ($$Cl$$), forming $$Na^+$$ and $$Cl^-. $$What type of bond is formed between them?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 12

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's temperature and support life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity increases toward the right of the periodic table.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They are always multicellular.

Question 15

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. She gives the drug to one group and a placebo to another. What is the purpose of the placebo group?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a negative control for comparison.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of peer review in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

It subjects scientific claims to scrutiny by the scientific community.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a weak chemical bond important in biology?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding causes water molecules in ice to be more spread out.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of scientific skepticism?

Accepted Answer

Requiring empirical evidence to evaluate the correctness of a scientific claim.

Question 20

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) $$can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form?

Accepted Answer

4

BIO 101: Introduction to Biology and Chemical Biology – Syllabus, Scientific Method, and Foundations

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