Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration in animal cells?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why animal cells burst when placed in a hypotonic solution, but plant cells do not?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents excessive expansion, while animal cells lack this structure.

Question 2

A student observes that a dye diffuses faster in warm water than in cold water. Which principle best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Increased temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules, thus increasing the rate of diffusion.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 4

Which of the following factors would most likely decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Lowering the temperature below the enzyme's optimal range.

Question 5

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 7

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green color of leaves and is essential for capturing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 8

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of stomata in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

They regulate gas exchange and water loss by opening and closing.

Question 10

A yeast cell is placed in an environment without oxygen. Which process will it use to generate ATP, and what is a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration (fermentation); ethanol

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cell membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are selectively permeable, allowing some molecules to pass while restricting others.

Question 12

If a solution outside a cell has a higher solute concentration than inside the cell, what type of solution is it, and what will happen to an animal cell placed in it?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink due to water loss.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which its activity is highest; deviations can decrease activity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct comparison between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration.

Question 15

A scientist measures the rate of diffusion of a small, uncharged molecule across a membrane at two different temperatures. At 25°C, the rate is $$2\ \mathrm{mm/min}$$; at 37°C, the rate is $$4\ \mathrm{mm/min}. $$What is the most likely explanation for this result?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature increases molecular motion, thus increasing the rate of diffusion.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of guard cells in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

They control the opening and closing of stomata to regulate gas exchange.

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that causes their cell membranes to be less fluid. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased rate of diffusion of molecules across the membrane.

Question 19

Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase of interphase

Question 20

A researcher adds a competitive inhibitor to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to the active site, decreasing the rate of reaction.

BIO 121 Final Lab Exam Review: Key Concepts in Cell Biology and Physiology

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