Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central theme of Chapter 1: Evolution, The Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life and is the core theme that unifies all of biology.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster when exposed to blue light compared to red light. Which step of the scientific method is the scientist performing if they design an experiment to test this observation?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis

Question 3

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat with only slight changes in its own temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity, calculated as $$q = m \cdot c \cdot \Delta T$$

Question 4

Carbon is essential to life because it can form up to how many covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Four covalent bonds

Question 5

Which of the following macromolecules is correctly matched with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Proteins – amino acids

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs ATP production. Which cellular process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration, summarized by $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, leading to spontaneous bilayer formation.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink due to osmosis, as water moves from low to high solute concentration.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$reaction, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 10

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 net ATP molecules

Question 11

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase (Synthesis phase)

Question 12

A researcher observes that a certain species of frog has a diploid number of 24 chromosomes. After meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

12 chromosomes

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.

Question 14

A mutation causes a cell to lose control over the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division, potentially leading to cancer

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a real-world application of osmosis in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Administering intravenous fluids that are isotonic to prevent red blood cell lysis or shrinkage

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water due to hydrogen bonding creating an open lattice structure.

Question 17

A student mixes 0.1 mol of NaCl in 1 L of water. What is the molarity ($$M) of $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{0.1\ mol}{1\ L} = 0.1\ M$$

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biology?

Accepted Answer

A functioning heart can pump blood, but individual heart cells cannot perform this function alone.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy currency, coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions.

Question 20

A genetic disorder causes a defect in the enzyme hexokinase, which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis. What is the most likely effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose cannot be efficiently metabolized, leading to decreased ATP production.

BIO 1233 General Biology I: Course Syllabus and Study Guide

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