Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why glycogen is a more efficient energy storage molecule for animals compared to starch in plants?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen has a highly branched structure, allowing rapid addition and removal of glucose units to meet energy demands.

Question 2

What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides during the synthesis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in straight chains that pack closely and are solid at room temperature.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 5

Why are animals unable to digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of beta-glucose monomers, and animals do not have the enzymes to hydrolyze the beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Question 6

During the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids, which functional groups are involved?

Accepted Answer

The amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

Question 7

Which process breaks the bond between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 8

A triglyceride molecule consists of which components?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Question 9

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of lobsters, crabs, and insects?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 10

Which statement best describes the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward, creating a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It joins monomers together to form polymers by removing a water molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of alpha-glucose monomers and is digestible by animals, while cellulose is composed of beta-glucose monomers and is not digestible by animals.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_nH_{2n}O_n}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the R group in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

It determines the unique properties of each amino acid.

Question 18

Which of the following molecules is a steroid and serves as the foundation for steroid-based hormones?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 19

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks a covalent bond between monomers by adding water.

Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

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