Question 1

Which of the following best describes the molecular formula of a monosaccharide with 4 carbons?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_4H_8O_4}$$

Question 2

Which statement correctly explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta-$$glycosidic linkages that most animal enzymes cannot hydrolyze.

Question 3

A patient with cystic fibrosis has a deletion of three nucleotides in the CFTR gene. What is the most direct consequence of this mutation at the protein level?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of the CFTR protein is altered, affecting its folding and function.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Carrying out chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein — Amino acid

Question 6

What type of bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE about phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming bilayers in water.

Question 8

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 9

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 10

A DNA segment has the sequence 5'-CATGTCAAC-3'. What is the sequence of its complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-GTACAGTTG-5'

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 12

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

Which of the following is a polymer of glucose that animals use to store energy?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 16

Which type of macromolecule is NOT a true polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 17

Which of the following bonds is responsible for holding together the two strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the directionality of polynucleotides?

Accepted Answer

They have a 5' phosphate end and a 3' hydroxyl end.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct real-world application of the function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies help protect the body from disease by recognizing and binding to pathogens.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine; RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Biological Macromolecules: Properties, Structures, and Functions

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