Q: Which of the following equations correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Water is oxidized to oxygen, and carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose.

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 3

A plant is exposed to only green light. What is the most likely outcome for its rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The rate of photosynthesis will decrease because green light is mostly reflected, not absorbed.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why carotenoids are important for plants?

Accepted Answer

They protect chlorophyll from damage by dissipating excess light energy as heat.

Question 5

During the Calvin cycle, what is the role of the enzyme rubisco?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide to RuBP.

Question 6

Which of the following is a major consequence of photorespiration in C3 plants?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis by consuming ATP and releasing fixed CO$$_2.$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse gametes.

Question 8

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 9

Which event occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over between homologous chromosomes.

Question 10

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) has children with a man who does not have hemophilia. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sex-linked diseases are more common in human males?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the disease.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red-flowered and white-flowered snapdragons produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single trait, resulting in continuous variation.

Question 14

A couple, both heterozygous for three independent traits (AaBbCc), have a child. What is the probability that the child will be homozygous dominant for all three traits?

Accepted Answer

$$\left(\frac{1}{4}\$$right)^3$$ = \frac{1}{64}$$

Question 15

Which of the following chromosomal alterations is responsible for Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21, an extra copy of chromosome 21 due to nondisjunction.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the greenhouse effect?

Accepted Answer

The trapping of heat by atmospheric gases such as CO$$_2$$, warming the Earth's surface.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A gamete with an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not assort independently?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a late-acting lethal dominant allele in humans?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease, which typically manifests after reproductive age.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They ensure that critical events, such as DNA replication and chromosome alignment, are completed before the cell proceeds to the next phase.

Biology 1408 Chapters 7–9 Study Guide: Step-by-Step Guidance

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