Question 1

Which of the following best explains why carbon is considered the backbone of life’s molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable structures.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for linking monomers together to form polymers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 3

A disaccharide is formed from two glucose molecules by dehydration synthesis. What is the molecular formula of the resulting disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}}$

Question 4

Which functional group is most likely to act as an acid and lose a proton at cellular pH?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl

Question 5

Which of the following statements about proteins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 6

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which levels of protein structure could be affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 8

In the DNA of a bacterial cell, 20% of the nucleotides are thymine. What percentage of the nucleotides are guanine?

Accepted Answer

30%

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid – Polypeptide

Question 10

Which bond is formed during the polymerization of nucleotides to form nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why proteins denature when exposed to high temperatures or extreme pH?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen and ionic bonds stabilizing the protein’s structure are disrupted.

Question 12

Which of the following functional groups is basic and can accept a proton at cellular pH?

Accepted Answer

Amino

Question 13

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water; hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of the phosphate functional group?

Accepted Answer

It is polar and acidic, and is present in nucleotides and phospholipids.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

The specific sequence of amino acids determines the protein’s three-dimensional shape, which determines its function.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Digesting starch into glucose molecules in the human intestine

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the polarity of nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids have directionality, with a 5’ phosphate end and a 3’ hydroxyl end.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell, providing energy for cellular work.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the hydrogen bonding between bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds; guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a change in pH can affect protein function?

Accepted Answer

A change in pH can alter the charge of side chains, disrupting ionic and hydrogen bonds that maintain protein structure.

Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Diversity in Cells

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