Question 1

Which property of the carbon atom makes it uniquely suited to form the backbone of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

In the photosynthesis equation $$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$, which molecules are considered organic?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6$$ only

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct monomer-polymer pairing for proteins?

Accepted Answer

Monomer: Amino acid; Polymer: Polypeptide

Question 4

Which process involves the removal of a water molecule to join two monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 5

What are the three types of atoms minimally required to make carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 6

Which functional group is commonly found in carbohydrates and is essential for their reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-\mathrm{OH})$$

Question 7

Which carbohydrate is the primary energy storage molecule in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 9

Phospholipids are described as amphipathic molecules. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes cell membrane fluidity

Question 11

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 12

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

A mutation in the DNA sequence that changes one amino acid in a protein may affect which level(s) of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and possibly quaternary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 15

What is the backbone of a nucleic acid polymer composed of?

Accepted Answer

Alternating phosphate and sugar molecules

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group

Question 17

Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Eggs

Question 18

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is essential for peptide bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 20

Which type of linkage connects nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester linkage

Ch 5 Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Properties in General Biology

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