Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 2

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide that is difficult for most mammals to digest due to the type of glycosidic linkage it contains?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which disaccharide is the patient unable to digest, and what are its monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Lactose; glucose and galactose

Question 4

Which of the following reactions is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids pack tightly due to lack of double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have kinks from double bonds that prevent tight packing.

Question 6

Which of the following is a major function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Short-term energy storage

Question 7

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond

Question 8

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in a biological membrane when placed in water?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 11

A food label lists 'partially hydrogenated oils' as an ingredient. What type of fat is most likely present, and what is a health risk associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Trans fat; increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a poor source of energy for most mammals?

Accepted Answer

Most mammals lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a disaccharide and its monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose: glucose and fructose

Question 14

Which of the following statements about essential fatty acids (EFAs) is true?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from the diet because the human body cannot synthesize them.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Starch is the main energy storage polysaccharide in plants, while glycogen is the main energy storage polysaccharide in animals.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a precursor for steroid hormones and helps maintain membrane fluidity.

Question 17

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$. Which type of carbohydrate is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why lipids are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They consist mostly of nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

It contains two fatty acids, a glycerol backbone, and a polar phosphate group.

Question 20

A person consumes a meal high in starch. Which process will their body use to break down the starch into glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Carbohydrates and Lipids: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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