Q: Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose in terms of their structure and function?

Starch is composed of $$oldsymbol{ ext{α}}-$$glucose monomers and is used for energy storage in plants, while cellulose is composed of $$oldsymbol{ ext{β}}-$$glucose monomers and provides structural support.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose in terms of their structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of $$oldsymbol{	ext{α}}-$$glucose monomers and is used for energy storage in plants, while cellulose is composed of $$oldsymbol{	ext{β}}-$$glucose monomers and provides structural support.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in aqueous environments.

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why increasing the length of hydrocarbon tails in a phospholipid bilayer decreases membrane permeability?

Accepted Answer

Longer hydrocarbon tails increase van der Waals interactions, making the membrane less fluid and less permeable.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 6

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G \u003c 0$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires transport proteins but does not require energy.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about competitive inhibition of enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme, preventing substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and energy storage

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the chemical nature of monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are simple sugars that can differ in the arrangement of their hydroxyl groups.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the endomembrane system in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids throughout the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about energetic coupling in cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energetic coupling allows cells to use the energy released from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct match for the type of transport and its description?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion: does not require transport proteins or energy

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A cell in an isotonic solution will have no net movement of water.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

It consists of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the chemical equilibrium of a reaction is correct?

Accepted Answer

At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and $$\Delta G = 0.$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of cholesterol in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity at high temperatures and decreases it at low temperatures.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Structure: General Biology Study Notes

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