Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general chemical formula for most monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 2

Which structural feature distinguishes cellulose from starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages, while starch contains $$\alpha-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages.

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the breakdown of glycogen. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Low blood sugar during fasting due to inability to access stored glucose.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes that hydrolyze $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is a disaccharide formed by a dehydration reaction between glucose and fructose?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 7

A scientist isolates a carbohydrate with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. Which of the following could this molecule be?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

Which of the following polysaccharides contains nitrogen in its structure?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of oligosaccharides on the surface of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell-cell recognition and communication.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about glycogen is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a highly branched polymer of $$\alpha-$$glucose stored mainly in animal liver and muscle.

Question 11

A person with lactose intolerance is unable to digest which type of glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4 linkage between glucose and galactose

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct comparison between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is digestible by humans due to $$\alpha-1$$,4 linkages, while cellulose is not due to $$\beta-1$$,4 linkages.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why blood type compatibility is important in transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Oligosaccharides on the surface of red blood cells determine self vs. non-self recognition.

Question 14

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of insects and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major function of carbohydrates in photosynthetic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing glucose for ATP production.

Question 17

A researcher discovers a polysaccharide that is highly branched and found in animal tissue. Which polysaccharide is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why starch and cellulose are not nutritionally equivalent for humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans can digest $$\alpha-1$$,4 linkages in starch but not $$\beta-1$$,4 linkages in cellulose.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

It is a structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Types, and Functions

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