Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why carbon is the backbone of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for large, complex, and varied molecules.

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of biomolecule?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is a branched polymer, while cellulose is a straight, unbranched polymer.

Question 4

Which of the following reactions is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with sickle-cell disease, which is caused by a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A change in the primary structure of a protein can alter its function.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain one or more double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a functional group and its property?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group — contributes negative charge and can react with water, releasing energy

Question 11

A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules to form maltose. What is the chemical equation for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis and trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

Cis isomers have functional groups on the same side of a double bond, while trans isomers have them on opposite sides.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, which is released when a phosphate is removed.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has a different glycosidic linkage than starch, and most animals lack the enzyme to break it.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of two or more polypeptide chains into a functional protein

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Cooking an egg causes the egg white proteins to lose their native structure and solidify.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about genomics and proteomics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genomics analyzes large sets of genes, while proteomics analyzes large sets of proteins.

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life: Structure and Function of Biomolecules

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