Question 1

Which property of carbon most directly explains its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $$C_5H_{12} is $$classified as which type of organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A hydrocarbon

Question 3

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of vinegar?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 4

What is the main difference between ketones and aldehydes in terms of the location of their carbonyl group ($$\u003eC=O$$)?

Accepted Answer

Ketones have the carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain, while aldehydes have it at the end.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

Question 6

Enantiomers are important in medicine because:

Accepted Answer

They are mirror images and can have drastically different effects in the body

Question 7

Which functional group is most likely to form hydrogen bonds with water, increasing a molecule’s solubility?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 8

A fat molecule contains long hydrocarbon chains. What property do these chains confer to the molecule?

Accepted Answer

They make the molecule nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 9

Which of the following molecules contains a phosphate group and is involved in energy transfer within cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol phosphate

Question 10

Which functional group is most likely to participate in cross-linking that stabilizes protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 11

A molecule with both an amino group ($$-NH_2$) and a carboxyl group (-$$COOH$$) is most likely:

Accepted Answer

An amino acid

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form stable covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, allowing for complex structures

Question 13

Which type of isomerism is illustrated by molecules that are mirror images of each other, such as S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomerism

Question 14

Which functional group is most likely to confer a negative charge to a molecule at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-$$OPO_3$$^{2-})$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of functional groups in medicine?

Accepted Answer

The difference between S-albuterol and R-albuterol affects the treatment of asthma

Question 16

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is correct?

Accepted Answer

They consist only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 17

Which functional group is found in alcohols and is responsible for their ability to form hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 18

A molecule with a methyl group ($$-CH_3$) attached to DNA can affect:

Accepted Answer

The expression of genes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell of an atom and its bonding capacity?

Accepted Answer

The number of unpaired electrons is generally equal to the number of covalent bonds the atom can form

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a polar or ionic functional group?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-CH_3$)

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life (Chapter 4): Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드