Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of organic molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of macromolecule monomer?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 3

Which functional group is always found in amino acids and acts as a base?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 4

What type of reaction joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures

Question 6

A phospholipid molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Which part is hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

The phosphate group head

Question 7

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in their fatty acid chains

Question 8

What is the main function of cellulose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Structural support

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages

Question 10

Which chemical group is key to the formation of ATP and is involved in energy transfer within cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$^{2-})$$

Question 11

A fat molecule is formed by joining three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule. How many water molecules are released during this process?

Accepted Answer

Three

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

Question 13

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

What is the main difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is made of $$\alpha-$$glucose monomers, cellulose is made of $$\beta-$$glucose monomers

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing water

Question 17

Which of the following functional groups is always polar and can form hydrogen bonds with water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 18

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) and a molecule of fructose (C_6H$$_{12}$$O_6) $$are:

Accepted Answer

Isomers

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their phosphate heads are hydrophilic and their fatty acid tails are hydrophobic

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life: Study Notes

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