Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between interphase and M-phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Interphase is the period of cell growth and normal function, while M-phase is when the cell divides.

Question 2

A researcher observes a human cell with two sets of chromosomes, each set coming from one parent. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A somatic cell

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

S phase; it duplicates the genetic material so each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the cell structure with its function during M-phase?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome: organizes the spindle apparatus

Question 5

A scientist is studying a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis. Which of the following structures would she expect to observe, and why?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate, because plant cells build a new wall to separate daughter cells.

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that all DNA has been accurately replicated before the cell enters mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 7

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins bind to CDKs to form a complex that promotes progression through cell cycle checkpoints.

Question 8

A mutation causes a proto-oncogene to become overactive in a cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will divide uncontrollably, increasing the risk of cancer.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They lose the ability to respond to internal and external cell cycle controls.

Question 10

A cell is exposed to a chemical that damages its DNA. Which gene is most likely to halt the cell cycle to allow for DNA repair?

Accepted Answer

p53 tumor suppressor gene

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a signal that regulates the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial DNA replication

Question 12

If a cell fails the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell exits the cell cycle and enters G0 phase.

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles.

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor caused by a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene. Which of the following best describes the function of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit cell division when DNA is damaged.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of transformation in cancer biology?

Accepted Answer

A normal cell is converted into a cancerous cell that divides uncontrollably.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the change in chromosome number during mitosis in a diploid human cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow 2n$$

Question 17

A scientist observes that a cell has accumulated high levels of cyclin during S and G2 phases. What is the significance of this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is preparing to form the mitosis-promoting factor (MPF) to pass the G2 checkpoint.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in uncontrolled cell division?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that activates a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells build a new cell plate to separate daughter cells.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of MPF (mitosis-promoting factor). Which phase is the cell most likely about to enter?

Accepted Answer

M phase

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Cancer Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드