Question 1

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction in humans?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring that fertilization restores the diploid number.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

A human cell with 47 chromosomes is most likely the result of which meiotic error?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the number of possible chromosome combinations due to independent assortment in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2^{23}$$

Question 5

Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they:

Accepted Answer

Exhibit uncontrolled division and can form tumors.

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic diversity in gametes

Question 7

If a cell starts mitosis with 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 8

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA replication is complete and checks for errors before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 9

A plant cell differs from an animal cell during cytokinesis because:

Accepted Answer

It forms a cell wall between the two daughter cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes at the same locations but may have different alleles.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 12

A person with Down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This condition is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Trisomy

Question 13

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are different forms of a gene found at the same locus.

Question 14

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

Question 16

Which term refers to the process by which the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 17

If a mutation occurs in a gene that controls the cell cycle checkpoint, what is a possible outcome?

Accepted Answer

Cells may divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to cancer.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the importance of meiosis in evolution?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic diversity, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

They are identical copies of a chromosome, joined at the centromere.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of genetic counseling?

Accepted Answer

It helps individuals assess the probability of passing down genetic illnesses to their offspring.

Cell Division, Chromosomes, and Genetic Variation: Study Notes for General Biology

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