Question 1

Which of the following best describes the genetic outcome of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms?

Accepted Answer

Offspring are genetically identical to the parent, forming clones.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite spindle poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

What is the primary evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic diversity, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments.

Question 4

A karyotype is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

An image of an individual's diploid set of chromosomes.

Question 5

Which statement about autosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are the same in both males and females and carry information about the same traits.

Question 6

If a cell with a diploid number of 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 7

Which process during meiosis increases genetic variation by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 8

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$GAG to$$ $$GAA. $$What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 9

Which phase of meiosis is responsible for reducing the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 10

What is the role of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It moves and guides the chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

Question 12

A cell undergoes meiosis and produces gametes. If nondisjunction occurs during Anaphase I, what is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes will have an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is universal and shared by all organisms.

Question 14

Which event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis but not during Prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs.

Question 15

If a mutation changes a codon from $$AGA to$$ $$TGA$$, what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 16

Which statement best explains why linked genes do not follow Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

A pedigree shows a trait that is shaded in some individuals. What does shading typically represent?

Accepted Answer

The individual has the trait.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a locus?

Accepted Answer

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the formation of gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Cell Division, Chromosomes, and Reproduction: Study Notes for General Biology

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