Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Which cell type is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic

Question 3

Which structure is described as 'stacked flattened sacs' and is involved in the modification and secretion of glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

What is the main function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration and contains an inner membrane called the cristae?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A mutation disrupts the function of microfilaments in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Support and movement (cytoskeleton)

Question 7

Which structure acts as the cell boundary and is primarily made up of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 8

In plant cells, which organelle is responsible for storing food and maintaining turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 9

Which organelle contains green pancake-like sacs called thylakoids, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 10

A cell is unable to detoxify hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2}). $$Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 11

Which organelle is the site of ribosome synthesis within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a large number of rough ER. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 13

Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells and is responsible for compressed DNA storage?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 14

Which organelle is involved in the digestion of cellular waste and contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

A cell is unable to transport substances efficiently in the cytoplasm. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Vesicle

Question 16

Which structure connects proteins to the cytoskeleton, aiding in cell shape and movement?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 17

Which organelle is described as the 'cell post-office' due to its role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Which structure is the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, where the electron transport chain occurs?

Accepted Answer

Cristae

Question 19

A plant cell is unable to produce and store food. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Plastid

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element provides support and is involved in movement within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Cell Organelles: Structures and Functions in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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