Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It selectively regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell, isolates the internal environment, and allows communication with other cells.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a nucleoid region, cell wall, pili, and flagella. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP using energy extracted from organic macromolecules, and what is the name of the highly folded structures inside it?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; cristae

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, where is chromatin found and what is its primary composition?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleus; composed of DNA and histone proteins

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus – Modifies, sorts, and ships cell products

Question 6

A mutation prevents the formation of vesicles in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Which equation best represents the production of ATP in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 8

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own DNA, and ribosomes, and can reproduce independently. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of secretory proteins

Question 11

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding their genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells store DNA in the nucleoid region, while eukaryotic cells store DNA in the nucleus.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, especially phospholipids and steroids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 13

A cell is unable to move proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles?

Accepted Answer

To provide localized environmental conditions necessary for specific metabolic processes and to sequester reactions.

Question 15

Which structure is the site of ribosome production within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pathway for a secretory protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosome → Rough ER → Vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 17

Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells and some prokaryotes, providing shape and protection?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 18

Which organelle contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It moves things in the cytoplasm and alters the shape of the cell.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have stacks of thylakoids called grana. What process is this cell most likely capable of performing?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Cell Structure and Function: A Study Guide

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