Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment. $$	ext{Surface Area} : 	ext{Volume}$$

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under an electron microscope and notes the presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to digest worn-out organelles. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 5

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, acting as a selectively permeable barrier.

Question 8

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles or cells by the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

A cell is unable to produce ATP efficiently. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 11

A researcher is studying a cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles and has circular DNA. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 12

Which of the following structures is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 14

Which of the following best describes autophagy?

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells digest their own components using lysosomes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have microtubules, centrioles, and an extracellular matrix. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic cell, possibly an animal cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps regulate cell behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the surface area of a sphere, which is relevant for understanding cell surface area?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$

Question 19

A cell is unable to move chromosomes during cell division. Which cytoskeletal structure is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and regulates the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus.

Cell Structure and Function: A Tour of the Cell

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