Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with a single, circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 3

Which organelle is the primary site for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Gram-negative bacteria differ from Gram-positive bacteria in that Gram-negative bacteria have:

Accepted Answer

An outer membrane outside the peptidoglycan layer

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing, modifying, and shipping proteins and lipids

Question 6

A mutation prevents the formation of fimbriae in a bacterium. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the surface area of a cube with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 6l^2$

Question 8

According to the endosymbiont theory, which organelle originated from a free-living heterotrophic bacterium engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which structure in plant cells is responsible for maintaining turgor pressure and storing defensive compounds?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own DNA, and is the site of photosynthesis. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for cell shape and movement, and is composed of tubulin dimers?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

What is the main function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Allow communication and transport between adjacent cells

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 14

A cell with a cell wall made of chitin is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell

Question 15

Which formula correctly calculates the volume of a cube with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$V = l^3$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have a double membrane and their own DNA

Question 17

Which process is most directly associated with lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of internalized food and recycling of worn-out organelles

Question 18

Which of the following is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient exchange with the environment

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element is composed of actin subunits and is involved in muscle contraction and cell movement?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Cell Structure and Function: Concepts 6.2–6.7 Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드