Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.

Question 5

If an organism lives in a pond, which organelle would be most important for pumping excess water out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Contractile vacuole

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 7

A cell is observed to have both a cell wall and chloroplasts. Which process is this cell most likely capable of performing?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 8

Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in pure water, while animal cells do?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall that provides structural support.

Question 10

A mutation causes a cell to lack ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the process of photosynthesis that occurs in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ribosomal RNA

Question 13

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached, while smooth ER does not.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 16

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which of the following best describes what happens?

Accepted Answer

The cell will become turgid as water enters, but the cell wall prevents bursting.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why bacteria are classified as prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and maintenance of turgor pressure

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is involved in active transport and requires a lot of energy.

Cell Structure and Function: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells, Organelles, and Osmoregulation

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