Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It isolates the cell's internal environment, regulates material flow, and allows communication with other cells.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with a nucleoid region, plasmids, and pili. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP using energy extracted from organic macromolecules, and what is the name of the space inside its inner membrane?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; matrix

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of thylakoids in a plant cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER – Synthesis of secretory proteins

Question 6

If a cell's endomembrane system is disrupted, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport and modification of proteins

Question 7

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own DNA, and ribosomes, but is not part of the endomembrane system. Which organelle is this?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into organelles?

Accepted Answer

To provide localized environments for specific metabolic processes and sequester reactions

Question 10

A cell is unable to recycle its own material and cannot digest food particles. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the eukaryotic endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

If a mutation caused the loss of histone proteins in a eukaryotic cell, which structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin

Question 13

Which equation best represents the production of ATP in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 14

A researcher observes stacked, flattened membrane sacs that modify and sort proteins. Which organelle is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis and are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

Which structure in a plant cell contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a secretory protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesized by bound ribosomes, moves through the ER, packaged in a vesicle, and sent to the Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing shape and allowing movement of the cell

Cell Structure and Function: General Biology Study Notes

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