Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated via the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 2

A scientist is using a light microscope to observe a cell. Which of the following structures would most likely be too small to be resolved clearly with this microscope?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional nuclear pores. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the magnification ($$M) of a $$microscope if the image size is $$I$$ and the real size is $$R$$?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{I}{R}$$

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion

Question 9

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules within cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of microtubules in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They serve as tracks for organelle movement and separate chromosomes during cell division.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Question 12

Which of the following cell junctions would you expect to find in abundance in the bladder to prevent leakage of urine between cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 13

A researcher is studying a cell that can perform photosynthesis and contains thylakoids. Which organelle is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why ribosomes are found both free in the cytosol and bound to the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use in the cytosol, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for export or for membranes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances

Question 16

A cell is unable to maintain its shape and loses its ability to move organelles efficiently. Which cellular structure is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

They hold neighboring cells firmly together and provide mechanical stability.

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall composed of cellulose

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, helps cells bind to each other, and facilitates communication.

Question 20

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of plasmodesmata. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water, solutes, and RNA between adjacent plant cells

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for General Biology

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