Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the endosymbiosis theory regarding the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, forming a partnership.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that contains a nucleoid region, circular chromosomes, and plasmids, but lacks membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis and hydrolysis of lipids, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and membrane production?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of lysosomes in a cell. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate undigested biomolecules, potentially leading to organ dysfunction.

Question 6

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and is responsible for storing water, ions, and defensive compounds?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 7

Which organelle is directly involved in the process of apoptosis, or programmed cell death?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell has high aerobic metabolic activity and requires large amounts of energy.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a greater surface-area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for finishing, sorting, tagging, and shipping proteins and other cell products?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 12

Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of peroxisomes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid region.

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is most directly involved in the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for export out of the cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of cell fractionation?

Accepted Answer

Spinning test tubes at various speeds to separate cell parts for study

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of apoptosis in development?

Accepted Answer

Loss of webbing between fingers during fetal development

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the protein assembly line in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Vesicle

Cell Structure & Function: Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드