Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells, and is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, but lacks chloroplasts and a cell wall. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Animal cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional desmosomes. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

The cell's ability to adhere tightly to neighboring cells

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches a membrane protein with its function?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral protein: provides structural support on the cytoplasmic side

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oxygen ($$O_2) $$can diffuse rapidly across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small, nonpolar molecule

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules in cells

Question 8

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures and decreases it at high temperatures

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy from an electrochemical gradient

Question 14

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane and forming a vesicle. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches a type of cell junction with its function?

Accepted Answer

Desmosome: anchors cells together to resist mechanical stress

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 17

A researcher observes that a certain molecule crosses the plasma membrane only when a specific protein is present, and the process does not require energy. Which transport mechanism is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the pathway for synthesis and secretion of a protein hormone in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome (on rough ER) $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is considered an example of primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP directly to transport ions against their gradients

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for General Biology

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