Question 1

Which of the following best explains why most cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of nutrients and waste.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a true nucleus, multiple membrane-bound organelles, and specialized functions. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 4

Given a spherical cell with radius $$r$$, which formula correctly calculates its surface area?

Accepted Answer

$$4 \pi r^2$

Question 5

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for forming the cleavage furrow during animal cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 6

A patient with Alzheimer's disease is found to have large tangles of Tau protein inside neurons. Which cytoskeletal component does Tau normally stabilize?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the cytosol in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Site of glycolysis and signal transduction

Question 8

A child is diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. This gene codes for a protein that is a major component of which cytoskeletal structure?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments (nuclear lamina)

Question 9

Which motor protein is associated with microfilaments and is responsible for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 10

During cell division, which cytoskeletal component organizes the movement of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack a true nucleus and have a relatively simple structure.

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal component is described as hollow tubes with a diameter of 25 nm and is composed of $$\alpha- $$and $$\beta-$$tubulin?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

A mutation in a cytoskeletal protein causes the heart muscle to thicken and struggle to contract efficiently, leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which cytoskeletal component is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of motor proteins such as kinesin and dynein?

Accepted Answer

They transport vesicles along microtubules using ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows incompatible chemical reactions to occur simultaneously in different organelles.

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal component is most stable and is responsible for anchoring the nucleus and other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 17

Which of the following is a function shared by all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis by ribosomes

Question 18

Which formula correctly calculates the volume of a spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal component is most dynamic and is involved in cell motility, contraction, and cytoplasmic streaming?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 20

Which of the following structures can be visualized using a transmission electron microscope but not a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Cell Structure, Function, and Study Strategies in General Biology

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