Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism with a cell wall, no membrane-bound organelles, and circular DNA. Which type of cell is this organism most likely composed of?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is essential for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pores in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of RNA and proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure prevents the cell from bursting due to water intake?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a rigid cell wall. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

A researcher treats cells with a drug that inhibits the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or for membranes

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4\pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$

Question 12

A genetic disorder causes a defect in lysosomal enzymes. Which of the following is a likely consequence in affected cells?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules within the cell

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A high surface area-to-volume ratio allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Question 15

A cell is observed to have DNA, ribosomes, a plasma membrane, and a cell wall, but no nucleus. Which of the following best describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of vesicles in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They transport proteins and lipids between organelles and to the plasma membrane.

Question 17

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of chloroplasts. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic plant cells compared to eukaryotic animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of chloroplasts

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Reduced energy production leading to muscle weakness

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the relationship between structure and function in biological systems, as highlighted by the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

The specific structure of a cell or organelle determines its function within the organism.

BIO181- 2.1 Cell Structure (Unit2: Cellular Basis of Life)

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드