Question 1

Which of the following features is unique to eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria

Question 2

A scientist is comparing the movement of water across the plasma membrane in three different solutions. In which solution will a red blood cell shrink due to water loss, and what is the term for this type of solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic solution

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of glycoproteins on the cell membrane surface?

Accepted Answer

They function in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+ in$$

Question 5

A cell engulfs a large particle by wrapping its plasma membrane around it and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is considered a passive process?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient without using cellular energy.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which type of solution is the cell in, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell releases substances to the outside by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A cell taking in cholesterol via LDL receptors

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the fluid mosaic model is used to describe the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is flexible, with proteins and lipids able to move laterally within the layer.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$SA:V = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins to transport molecules.

Question 17

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about passive transport is true?

Accepted Answer

It includes processes such as diffusion and osmosis.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials.

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Endocytosis/Exocytosis in General Biology

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