Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration, without requiring energy.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will burst because water moves into the cell where solute concentration is higher.

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is most likely to cross a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A small nonpolar molecule such as oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 4

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that facilitated diffusion:

Accepted Answer

Uses membrane proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing more efficient exchange of materials.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in pure water. What prevents it from bursting, and what is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall, which provides structural support and resists expansion due to osmotic pressure

Question 7

Which of the following statements about active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy, often in the form of ATP, to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 8

A scientist discovers a cell with DNA in a circular form, no nucleus, and no membrane-bound organelles. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of some drugs and poisons

Question 10

A mutation prevents a cell from producing cholesterol. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane will become less fluid and more rigid.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They convert stored energy (such as glucose) into directly usable energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is inherited exclusively from the mother.

Question 13

A cell is observed to have many rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and export of proteins

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics can target bacterial cells without harming human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cells have different ribosomes and cell wall chemistry compared to human cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key feature of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses channel or carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Predict what will happen to the cell and explain why.

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains cholesterol, which helps regulate membrane fluidity.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated as free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of waste materials and harmful bacteria

Question 20

A scientist is studying a cell that contains a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell

Cell Structure, Membranes, and Transport Mechanisms: General Biology Study Notes

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