Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the cell theory as presented in the lecture?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms have at least one cell, cells are the smallest unit exhibiting all characteristics of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 3

Muscle cells contain many mitochondria. What is the primary reason for this specialization?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria provide energy required for muscle contraction through cellular respiration.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a greater surface-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes.

Question 5

A nerve cell is long and thin. How does this structure relate to its function?

Accepted Answer

It enables the cell to carry impulses over long distances.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules can diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

O\_2

Question 7

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

During cellular respiration, which molecule is produced as the main energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 12

Which equation best represents the overall process of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 14

A scientist observes a cell with a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 15

Which process requires energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins.

Question 17

Which process involves the cell engulfing large particles or liquids by surrounding them with its plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why glucose cannot diffuse directly through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule and requires a transport protein to cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayer.

Cell Theory and the Structure and Function of Cells

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