Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all new cells arise from existing cells.

Question 2

A scientist is using a microscope to observe a living, unstained cell. Which type of microscope is most appropriate for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Light microscope

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 4

A red blood cell has a diameter of approximately $$8 \mathrm{\mu m} ($$micrometers). If the head of a pin is $$2 \mathrm{mm} in $$diameter, about how many red blood cells could fit across the head of the pin?

Accepted Answer

$$250$$

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP, the cell's main energy-carrying molecule?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 7

A patient with celiac disease cannot absorb nutrients properly due to damage in which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli of the small intestine

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the volume increases much faster than the surface area, making transport across the membrane inefficient.

Question 9

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a thick cell wall made of cellulose, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is involved in the breakdown of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 15

A cell is exposed to penicillin, which targets peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 17

During photosynthesis, which organelle uses carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleoid region, and flagella. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are especially abundant in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells require large amounts of energy for contraction, which is supplied by ATP produced in mitochondria.

Question 20

A plant wilts after several days without water. Which cellular structure is most directly responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Cells: The Basic Unit of Life

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