Q: Which equation correctly relates osmolarity to molarity for a solution of NaCl?

$$Osmolarity = Molarity \times 2$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between cell structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Cell structure and function are complementary; the biochemical functions of cells are dictated by their shape and specific subcellular structures.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst (lyse) as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its fluidity and stability?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 4

What is the main function of tight junctions between cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

To form an impermeable barrier that prevents fluids and most molecules from moving between cells.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes simple diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of nonpolar, lipid-soluble substances directly through the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which of the following will occur?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink (crenation).

Question 7

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a receptor for signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 8

What is the role of the glycocalyx in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a biological marker for cell-to-cell recognition.

Question 9

Which equation correctly relates osmolarity to molarity for a solution of NaCl?

Accepted Answer

$$Osmolarity = Molarity 	imes 2$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of desmosomes in tissues such as skin?

Accepted Answer

They provide anchoring strength and allow 'give' between cells, reducing tearing under tension.

Question 11

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires carrier or channel proteins to transport polar or large molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why burn patients lose fluids and proteins from damaged cells?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is severely damaged, allowing substances to diffuse freely in and out of cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow small molecules and ions to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating rapid communication.

Question 15

A solution is isotonic to a cell. What will happen to the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

The cell's volume will remain unchanged.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function performed by membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 17

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of diffusion across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why animal cells can burst when placed in a hypotonic solution, but plant cells do not?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have strong cell walls that limit hydrostatic pressure and prevent bursting.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It can become saturated when all carriers are occupied.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They allow water to move rapidly across the membrane via facilitated diffusion.

Cells: The Living Units – Structure, Diversity, and Function

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