Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 2

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 3

Which of the following events during meiosis increases genetic variability in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Question 4

Which structure in a flowering plant is responsible for producing pollen grains?

Accepted Answer

Anther

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of most cancers at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

Cells lose control over the cell cycle checkpoints, leading to uncontrolled cell division.

Question 6

Which of the following is a difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the endosperm in seed plants?

Accepted Answer

It provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the path of sperm from production to fertilization in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubules → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra → oviduct

Question 9

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of species with internal fertilization compared to those with external fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization occurs inside the body of the female in internal fertilization.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Sex chromosomes determine gender, while autosomes carry genes for most other traits.

Question 11

A plant reproduces by sending out horizontal stems that root at intervals to form new plants. This is an example of which form of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Stolon formation

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells contain one set.

Question 13

Which of the following is a result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes have an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to disorders such as Down syndrome.

Question 14

Which of the following correctly matches a germ layer with two organs derived from it during animal development?

Accepted Answer

Mesoderm: muscle, heart

Question 15

Which checkpoint in the eukaryotic cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that DNA has been accurately replicated before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of double fertilization in flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

One sperm fertilizes the egg, and another sperm fertilizes the central cell to form endosperm.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cotyledon in seed plants?

Accepted Answer

It stores nutrients for the developing seedling.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, while gametes are haploid.

Question 19

Which of the following is a benefit of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic diversity in a population.

Question 20

Which of the following structures in the human female reproductive system is the site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Cellular and Organismal Reproduction and Development: Study Guide

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