Question 1

A researcher wants to isolate the organelle responsible for the majority of cellular respiration and ATP production from a sample of animal cells. Which laboratory technique would be most appropriate for separating this organelle from other cellular components?

Accepted Answer

Centrifugation

Question 2

During differential centrifugation, which fraction is most likely to contain mitochondria after the first low-speed spin?

Accepted Answer

The pellet after a medium-speed spin

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why centrifugation is effective for isolating mitochondria from other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have a unique size and density that allows them to sediment at specific centrifugal forces.

Question 4

A student performs centrifugation on a cell homogenate and collects the pellet after a medium-speed spin. Which organelle is most likely enriched in this pellet, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; ATP production via cellular respiration

Question 5

If a scientist wants to analyze the ATP content of a specific organelle, which step should they take after centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

Collect the pellet containing mitochondria and assay for ATP

Question 6

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between centrifugal force ($$F$$), mass ($$m$$), radius ($$r$$), and angular velocity ($$\omega) $$during centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

$$F = m r \$$omega^2$$

Question 7

A biologist is using centrifugation to separate organelles. After spinning at 10,000g, which organelle is most likely to be found in the pellet, and why?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria, because their density and size allow them to sediment at this force

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the supernatant and pellet after centrifugation is correct?

Accepted Answer

The pellet contains the denser organelles, while the supernatant contains lighter, soluble components.

Question 9

A medical researcher is studying a disease that impairs ATP production in human cells. Which organelle should they focus on isolating using centrifugation for further analysis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

If a cell sample is centrifuged and the resulting pellet is found to have high levels of enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle, which organelle is most likely present in this pellet?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A student hypothesizes that the supernatant after a medium-speed centrifugation contains the majority of the cell's mitochondria. Is this hypothesis correct, and why?

Accepted Answer

No, because mitochondria sediment into the pellet at medium speeds

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of differential centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

Sequentially increasing centrifugal force to separate cellular components by size and density

Question 13

A scientist wants to confirm that the pellet obtained after centrifugation contains mitochondria. Which of the following would be the best approach?

Accepted Answer

Test for the presence of enzymes unique to the citric acid cycle

Question 14

Which of the following real-world scenarios best illustrates the application of centrifugation in medical diagnostics?

Accepted Answer

Isolating mitochondria from muscle biopsies to study metabolic diseases

Question 15

If a cell homogenate is centrifuged at increasing speeds, which sequence correctly matches the order in which the following organelles sediment: nuclei, mitochondria, ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei first, then mitochondria, then ribosomes

Cellular Respiration and Organelle Identification Using Centrifugation

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