$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD	extsuperscript{+} in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It functions as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during redox reactions.

Question 2

What is the overall balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 3

During glycolysis, which of the following statements is correct regarding the energy investment and energy payoff phases?

Accepted Answer

ATP is consumed in the energy investment phase and produced in the energy payoff phase.

Question 4

Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle occur, and what is the main purpose of this cycle?

Accepted Answer

In the mitochondrial matrix; to oxidize acetyl CoA and generate NADH and FADH	extsubscript{2}.

Question 5

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 6

How does chemiosmosis contribute to ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

By using the energy from a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthase.

Question 7

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

In lactic acid fermentation, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 9

Which enzyme acts as a key regulatory point in glycolysis and is subject to feedback inhibition by ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 10

If a person is on a low-carbohydrate diet and loses weight, how do the atoms from the metabolized fat primarily leave the body?

Accepted Answer

As carbon dioxide exhaled from the lungs

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the chain to continue functioning.

Question 12

Which of the following is produced during the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

NADH and CO	extsubscript{2}

Question 13

How many net ATP molecules are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient used for ATP synthesis.

Question 15

Which process always occurs first in both fermentation and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 16

If the enzyme phosphofructokinase is inhibited by high levels of ATP, what is the likely effect on the rate of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The rate of glycolysis will decrease.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis powered by the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 18

During the complete aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose, approximately how many ATP molecules are produced?

Accepted Answer

30-32

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not require oxygen, while aerobic respiration does.

Question 20

In the context of cellular respiration, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; NAD	extsuperscript{+} is reduced.

Cellular Respiration: Chapter 9 Study Guide

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