Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose, which are used as inputs for cellular respiration; cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, which are used as inputs for photosynthesis.

Question 2

During strenuous exercise, when the demand for oxygen in muscle cells exceeds supply, which metabolic pathway do muscle cells primarily use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation, producing lactic acid

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 4

Which stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 5

What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Two ATP molecules

Question 6

In the citric acid cycle, what happens to the carbon atoms from acetic acid?

Accepted Answer

They are released as carbon dioxide ($$CO_2) $$waste.

Question 7

Which molecule acts as an electron shuttle, carrying high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 8

Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane highly folded?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for electron transport chains and ATP synthase, enhancing ATP production.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about fermentation in human muscle cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+$$, producing lactic acid as a waste product.

Question 10

A.V. Hill’s experiments on muscle fatigue suggested that lactic acid accumulation caused muscle burn. Later evidence contradicted this. Which finding most strongly challenged Hill’s conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Muscles that cannot accumulate lactic acid fatigue more rapidly.

Question 11

Which major biological theme is illustrated by the fact that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are linked, with each process using inputs created by the other?

Accepted Answer

Pathways that transform energy and matter

Question 12

Why is glycolysis considered to have an evolutionary basis as a universal energy-harvesting process?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in almost all organisms and does not require membrane-enclosed organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 14

Which process allows yeast to survive in both the presence and absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 15

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which stage of cellular respiration will be directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a waste product of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is misleading regarding plant and animal metabolism?

Accepted Answer

"Plants perform photosynthesis, whereas animals perform cellular respiration."

Question 18

Which molecule is formed when pyruvic acid loses a carbon as $$CO_2$$ and is attached to coenzyme A before entering the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why ATP synthase is considered a 'miniature machine' in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It is a protein complex that uses the energy from electron transport to synthesize ATP.

Question 20

Which metabolic pathway is shared by both aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

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